Oral-fecal route Contact with feces either directly or indirect (contaminated food/water)
Antibiotics –tinidozal (Tindomax) and metronidozole (Flagyl)
Treat and prevent dehydration
Standard Precautions;
Contact precautions if risk of contamination with feces is high
Cholera
Profuse Watery diarrhea, vomiting.
Patients can become severely dehydrated within hours
Oral-fecal route Contact with feces either directly or indirect (contaminated food/water)
Hydration and electrolyte replacement is most important, sometimes antibiotics, such as, tetracycline, are prescribed.
Standard Precautions;
Contact precautions if risk of contamination with feces is high
Campylobacter
Fever, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea (often bloody)
Oral-fecal route Contact with feces either directly or indirect (contaminated food/water) can be found in the feces of household pets
Prevent and treat dehydration, sometimes antibiotics, such as, erythromycin is prescribed.
Standard Precautions;
Contact precautions if risk of contamination with feces is high
E-Coli
Diarrhea
Oral-fecal route Direct or indirect contact with feces (contaminated food/water)
Prevent and treat dehydration, some times antibiotics (floroquinolones) are prescribed.
Standard Precautions;
Contact precautions if risk of contamination with feces is high
Giardia
Diarrhea
Oral-fecal route Contact with feces either directly or indirect (contaminated food/water)
Antibiotics–tinidozal (Tindomax) and metronidozol(Flagyl) prevent and treat dehydration
Standard Precautions;
Contact precautions if risk of contamination with feces is high
Lice (pediculosis)
Scalp or body itch, itchy rash
Either direct or indirect contact with the organism
Pediculicides to body and hair. Wash clothing, combs, and/or bedding using hot water, seal in plastic bag for 10 days
Standard Precautions;
Use gloves with direct contact
Pertussis
Low grade fever, whooping cough
Large droplet: Direct contact with respiratory secretions
An antibiotic, Erythromycin is the drug of choice.
Droplet
Precautions
Tuberculosis
Fever, productive cough
Airborne; droplet
Anti-tuberculin drugs
Airborne Precautions
Hepatitis A
Fever, vomiting abdominal pain,
jaundice
Oral-fecal route
Direct or indirect contact with feces (contaminated food/water)
Hepatitis A vaccine is available as a preventive measure. Immune globulin (IG) can be used but must be given within two weeks.
Standard Precautions;
Contact precautions if risk of contamination with feces is high
Vibrio vulnificus
Diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting. In immuno- compromised individuals and those with liver disease, can invade the bloodstream causing fever, bulbous skin lesions, septic shock and death (fatal 50% of the time for this group).
Naturally occurring in sea water and resides in filter-feeding shellfish. Ingested though eating raw shellfish or through an open wound or skin tear that has come into contact with the organism.
Doxycycline or a third generation cephalosporin
Standards Precautions;
There is no evidence for person-to-person transmission of V. vulnificus.
